After selecting a suitable self-propelled pesticide sprayer for dwarf orchards, standardized use and operation can not only ensure the pesticide application effect and improve operation efficiency, but also effectively extend the service life of the equipment and reduce equipment maintenance costs. Combined with the actual operation scenarios of dwarf orchards such as jujube orchards and kiwifruit orchards, and taking into account the operation standardization of self-propelled pesticide sprayers and the safety of orchard pesticide application, the following details the correct usage methods, operation points and safety precautions of self-propelled pesticide sprayers to ensure that the pesticide application operations are carried out efficiently, safely and in an orderly manner.
(1) Preparation Before Operation
1. Comprehensive equipment inspection: Before operation, carefully check the overall state of the self-propelled pesticide sprayer, check whether the body is damaged, whether the pipeline is loose or leaking, whether the nozzle is blocked or worn, confirm that the gasoline tank is full of oil, the oil level is normal, there are no residual impurities or stains in the pesticide barrel, and the equipment adjustment components (pesticide dosage, spraying height, angle) can be operated flexibly. Only after ensuring that the equipment has no potential faults can we enter the next preparation work.
2. Scientific preparation of pesticide liquid: According to the current pest and disease types and fruit tree growth stages in the dwarf orchard, accurately prepare the pesticide liquid in strict accordance with the proportion requirements of the pesticide manual. During preparation, fully stir evenly to avoid stratification of the pesticide liquid affecting the pesticide application effect. After stirring evenly, slowly pour the pesticide liquid into the pesticide barrel. During the pouring process, avoid splashing of the pesticide liquid, and prevent impurities such as soil and weeds from entering the pesticide barrel, so as not to block the pipeline and nozzle and affect the normal operation of the self-propelled pesticide sprayer.
3. Preset operation parameters: Combined with the actual situation of the dwarf orchard (fruit tree height, plant spacing, severity of pests and diseases), adjust the pesticide dosage and spraying angle of the self-propelled pesticide sprayer in advance, adjust the spraying height to the suitable range of about 4 meters. After presetting, start the machine for trial operation for 10-20 seconds, check whether the atomization effect and spraying range meet the expectations. After confirmation, you can prepare to enter the field operation, reduce the field debugging time and improve the operation efficiency.
(2) Field Operation
1. Standard start-up of equipment: For gasoline-powered self-propelled pesticide sprayers, operate in strict accordance with the start-up steps in the equipment manual. First, turn on the oil circuit switch, pull the start rope to start the engine. After starting, run at idle speed for 1-2 minutes, observe whether the equipment has abnormal noise, whether the pipeline has leakage, and whether the atomization effect is normal. After confirming that the equipment is running stably, turn on the pesticide pump to start the pesticide application operation, avoiding blind start leading to equipment failure.
2. Uniform speed walking operation: During field operation, keep the self-propelled pesticide sprayer running at a uniform speed. The driving speed is flexibly adjusted according to the pesticide dosage and atomization effect, generally controlled at 3-5 kilometers per hour, avoiding uneven spraying and missing spraying due to too fast driving, and avoiding pesticide liquid accumulation and waste due to too slow driving. During operation, drive straight along the fruit tree rows, keep an appropriate distance between the body and the fruit trees, prevent scratching the fruit tree branches and leaves and equipment, and adapt to the operation scenario of narrow plant spacing in dwarf orchards.
3. Control of spraying range: During the operation, always observe the coverage range of the droplets, ensure that there is a 5-10 cm overlap between the spraying areas of adjacent operation rows, avoid missing spraying dead corners, and affect the effect of pest and disease control. For areas with dense fruit tree branches and leaves and concentrated pests and diseases, the driving speed can be appropriately slowed down, the droplet coverage density can be increased, ensuring that the droplets are evenly attached to the surface of branches, leaves and fruits, giving full play to the atomization advantage of the self-propelled pesticide sprayer and improving the accuracy of pesticide application.
4. Flexible adjustment of parameters: During the operation, if encountering areas with inconsistent fruit tree growth status (such as intercropping of young trees and mature trees) and different severity of pests and diseases, the pesticide dosage of the self-propelled pesticide sprayer can be flexibly adjusted at any time without stopping the machine for adjustment, which not only ensures the pesticide application effect in different areas, but also can effectively save pesticides, adapting to the diverse pesticide application needs of dwarf orchards.
(3) Follow-up Work After Operation
1. Standard shutdown of equipment: After the completion of pesticide application operation, shut down the machine in accordance with the sequence of “turn off the pesticide pump first, then turn off the engine”, avoid the pesticide liquid flowing back into the engine or pipeline, causing pipeline blockage and damage to equipment components. After shutdown, turn off the oil circuit switch and park the equipment in a flat and ventilated area to avoid pesticide liquid leakage due to body inclination.
2. Treatment of remaining pesticide liquid: The remaining pesticide liquid in the pesticide barrel shall not be dumped at will, so as not to pollute the soil, water source and surrounding crops of the dwarf orchard, and practice the concept of green planting. The remaining pesticide liquid can be taken back to the warehouse, sealed and stored properly, marked with the pesticide liquid type and preparation date, and used for subsequent orchard supplementary spraying; if the pesticide liquid cannot be retained, it shall be dumped after dilution in the designated area in accordance with the requirements of the pesticide manual to ensure environmental safety.
3. Equipment cleaning and maintenance: After the operation, the self-propelled pesticide